@article {8228, title = {The Ando-Patagonian Stigmella magnispinella group (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) with description of new species from Ecuador, Peru and Argentina}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4200}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, month = {2016-12-01}, pages = {561-579}, edition = {2016-12-01}, abstract = {

On the basis of morphological studies of collection samples from the Andes (Ecuador, Peru and Argentina), we describe five new species of Stigmella Schrank (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): S. varispinella Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. olekarsholti Remeikis Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. magnispinella Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov. (Peru), S. dolia Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov., and S. patagonica Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov. (Argentina). All treated taxa belong to the newly designated S. magnispinella group. Images of adults and genitalia, pictorial keys, a distribution map , and photographs of the leaf-mines of S. olekarsholti are included. \ 

}, keywords = {Andes, Argentina, Ecuador, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, Peru, Stigmella dolia, Stigmella magnispinella, Stigmella magnispinella group, Stigmella olekarsholti, Stigmella patagonica, Stigmella varispinella}, isbn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4200.4.7}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4200.4.7}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R. and Remeikis, Andrius and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Gerulaitis, Virginijus} } @article {8224, title = {Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean p{\'a}ramo and puna}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4181}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, month = {2016-11-01}, pages = {1-94}, edition = {2016-11-01}, abstract = {

The monograph treats 29 species of leaf-mining pygmy moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) discovered in the northern Andean bush and grass p\áramo and the central Andean puna at altitudes above 3700 m. They represent the world\’s highest-altitudinal Nepticulidae fauna known. The height record belongs to Stigmella nivea sp. nov. from Peru collected at an elevation of 4700 m. Except for one species, all belong to Stigmella Schrank. Twenty-two of the species recorded are new and are named and described in the current paper: Stigmella paramica Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. lachemillae Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. gynoxyphaga Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. calceolariae Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. rigida Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. altiplanica Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. robusta Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. pseudorobusta Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. auriargentata Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. altimontana Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. pandora Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. ampla Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. evanida Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. mustelina Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. angusta Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. alticosma Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. nivea Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. kristenseni Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. lobata Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. ageratinae Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; S. clinopodiella Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.; and S. calceolarifoliae Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. Some of these species are leaf-miners on Asteraceae (Pentacalia, Baccharis, Gynoxys, and Ageratina plants), Calceolariaceae (Calceolaria), Lamiaceae (Clinopodium), and Rosaceae (Lachemilla).Twenty species are known only from adults with no data on their biology and host-plants. In addition, we present data and discuss recently discovered nepticulid taxa associated with Polylepis forests that is the natural vegetation in much of the High Andes. All High-Andean Stigmella species treated are illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia, distribution maps, including some with photographs of the leaf-mines and habitats.

}, keywords = {Andes, Ecuador, Glaucolepis aerifica, hostplants, Leafminers, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, Peru, Stigmella, Stigmella ageratinae, Stigmella alticosma, Stigmella altimontana, Stigmella altiplanica, Stigmella ampla, Stigmella andina, Stigmella angusta, Stigmella auriargentata, Stigmella calceolariae, Stigmella calceolarifoliae, Stigmella clinopodiella, Stigmella confertae, Stigmella evanida, Stigmella gynoxyphaga, Stigmella imperatoria, Stigmella kristenseni, Stigmella lachemillae, Stigmella lobata, Stigmella marmorea, Stigmella mustelina, Stigmella nivea, Stigmella pandora, Stigmella paramica, Stigmella pseudorobusta, Stigmella rigida, Stigmella robusta, Stigmella schoorli, Stigmella tripartita}, isbn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1}, url = {http://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4181.1.1}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Gerulaitis, Virginijus and Karsholt, Ole} } @article {8220, title = {A review and check list of the Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London. EntomologyBulletin of the Natural History Museum London. Entomology}, volume = {71}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, month = {2002-06-27}, pages = {59-76}, abstract = {Fieldwork in 2000-200 1 has added substantially to our knowledge of the Nepticulidae of the upper Amazon basin and the Andes and increased the number of species known from the Neotropical Region from 58 to 74. Two species - Manoneura basidactyla (Davis) and Ectoedemia fuscivittata Puplesis \& Robinson -are recorded from equatorial America for the first time here and are redescribed, with amplified descriptions and illustrations. A revised checklist of the Neotropical Nepticulidae is given together with an updated distribution map for Central and Southern America. Fomoria latipennata Puplesis \& Robinson is transferred to Acalyptris, comb. n. Four new species groups (Stigmella tiliella-group, S. barbata-group, Fomoria molybditis-group and Acalyptris latipennata-group) are defined. Hostplant data are reviewed and further hostplant genera from which mines or cocoons have been collected are noted. The diversity and distribution of the Neotropical Nepticulidae are discussed.SY: Acalyptris-latipennata ( Puplesis-and-Robinson-2000- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Fomoria, p.-66;Acalyptris-latipennata-group ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-species-group, P.-66;Ectoedemia-fuscivittata-Pupleis-and-Robinson-2000 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Redescription-, P.-62;Fomoria-latipennata-Puplesis-and-Robinson-2000 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-66;Fomoria-molybditis-group ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-species-group, P.-66;Manoneura-basidactyla ( Davis-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Redescription-, P.-61;Stigmella-barbata-group ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-species-group, P.-63;Stigmella-tiliella-group ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-species-group, P.-63}, keywords = {Acalyptris latipennata, Acalyptris latipennata group, checklist, Ectoedemia fuscivittata, Ecuador, Enteucha basidactyla, Fomoria latipennata, Fomoria molybditis group, hostplant data, Lepidoptera, Manoneura basidactyla, Mexico, Neotropics, Nepticulidae, New record, Stigmella barbata group, Stigmella tiliella group, USA}, author = {Puplesis, Rimantas and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Robinson, Gaden S. and Onore, Giovanni} } @article {8217, title = {Do leaf-mining Nepticulidae occur in the~natural but so threatened Andean Polylepis forests?}, journal = {Biologija}, volume = {62}, year = {2016}, month = {September-2016}, pages = {83-97}, abstract = {

Despite the\  fact that Polylepis forests constitute the\  natural but threatened vegetation in much of the\  high Andes and are very important for their ecological functions, no leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea) associated with Polylepis Ruiz\  \&\  Pav. as a\  host-plant have been recorded previously. In this paper, for the first time, we report on four discoveries of Polylepis-feeding Nepticulidae species in Ecuador and Peru. From the high Andes of Peru, we describe a new species Stigmella polylepiella Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., whose larvae throughout all instars are leaf-miners in leaves of Polylepis racemosa Ruiz \& Pav. and spin a unique shaped cocoon inside the leaf-mine. We also provide illustrations and short descriptions of male genitalia and leaf-mines of two other new Stigmella Schrank species, whose larvae are leaf-miners on Polylepis pauta Hieron. in Ecuador; these two taxa are documented but left unnamed because they are described from dissected developed pupae, not emerged adults. Additionally, we document leaf-mines of an unknown Nepticulidae taxon associated with Polylepis racemosa in the Peruvian Andes.

}, keywords = {Conservation, Ecuador, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, Peru, Rosaceae, Stigmella polylepiella}, issn = {1392-0146}, doi = {10.6001/biologija.v62i2.3334}, url = {http://lmaleidykla.lt/ojs/index.php/biologija/article/view/3334}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R. and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Karsholt, Ole} } @article {8192, title = {The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4136}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, month = {2016-07-05}, pages = {101-128}, edition = {2016-07-05}, abstract = {

We record the first Nepticulidae species found to feed on Baccharis L. (Asteraceae). Despite the high species richness of Baccharis in the Western Hemisphere, no nepticulid has ever been recorded feeding on Baccharis. In this paper we describe six new Stigmella Schrank species feeding on Baccharis: S. emarginatae Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. bipartita Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. tripartita Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. latifoliae Remeikis, Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. baccharicola Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., and S. confertae Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. The remaining two taxa are left unnamed. All taxa are illustrated with photographs of adults, their genitalia, and their leaf-mines. Additionally, leaf-mines on Baccharis salicifolia are documented.

}, keywords = {Asteraceae, Baccharis, Colombia, Ecuador, leaf-mines, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, South America, Stigmella baccharicola, Stigmella bipartita, Stigmella confertae, Stigmella emarginatae, Stigmella latifoliae, Stigmella tripartita}, isbn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4136.1.4}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4136.1.4}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Davis, Donald R. and Solis, M. Alma and Torres, Nixon Cumbicus} } @article {8168, title = {ilkavi{\v s}kio rajono ma{\v z}uju gaubtagalviu (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) fauna ir trofiniai ry{\v s}iai. Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of Vilkavi{\v s}kis district (Lithuania): fauna and trophic relationships}, journal = {Lietuvos Biologine Ivairove: Bukle, Struktura, Apsauga}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, pages = {79-85}, keywords = {Bohemannia pulverosella, Ectoedemia albifasciella, Ectoedemia arcuatella, Ectoedemia argyropeza, Ectoedemia atricollis, Ectoedemia intimella, Ectoedemia turbidella, Enteucha acetosae, Faunistics, Lepidoptera, Lithuania, Nepticulidae, Stigmella aceris, Stigmella alnetella, Stigmella anomalella, Stigmella assimilella, Stigmella basiguttella, Stigmella betulicola, Stigmella confusella, Stigmella continuella, Stigmella floslactella, Stigmella hybnerella, Stigmella incognitella, Stigmella lapponica, Stigmella lemniscella, Stigmella luteella, Stigmella magdalenae, Stigmella malella, Stigmella microtheriella, Stigmella minusculella, Stigmella nivenburgensis, Stigmella nylandriella, Stigmella obliquella, Stigmella oxyacanthella, Stigmella plagicolella, Stigmella prunetorum, Stigmella pyri, Stigmella roborella, Stigmella ruficapitella, Stigmella salicis, Stigmella splendidissimella, Stigmella tiliae}, isbn = {1822-2781}, url = {http://www.biotaxonomy.eu/files/Publikacijos/136_\%20Stigmella\%20sakhalinella\%2052_57\%20pp.pdf}, author = {Navickaite, Asta and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas} } @article {8136, title = {Pirmieji duomenys apie Akmenes rajono ma{\v z}uju gaubtagalviu (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) faun{\k a} ir ivairov{\k e}. Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of Akmene district (Lithuania): the first list of fauna and diversity}, journal = {Lietuvos Biologine Ivairove: Bukle, Struktura, Apsauga}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, pages = {65-70}, keywords = {Ectoedemia albifasciella, Ectoedemia arcuatella, Ectoedemia argyropeza, Ectoedemia septembrella, Faunistics, Lepidoptera, Lithuania, Nepticulidae, Stigmella aceris, Stigmella aeneofasciella, Stigmella anomalella, Stigmella assimilella, Stigmella betulicola, Stigmella catharticella, Stigmella confusella, Stigmella filipendulae, Stigmella floslactella, Stigmella glutinosae, Stigmella lapponica, Stigmella lemniscella, Stigmella magdalenae, Stigmella malella, Stigmella microtheriella, Stigmella minusculella, Stigmella nivenburgensis, Stigmella nylandriella, Stigmella obliquella, Stigmella oxyacanthella, Stigmella plagicolella, Stigmella pyri, Stigmella roborella, Stigmella ruficapitella, Stigmella salicis, Stigmella sorbi, Stigmella splendidissimella, Stigmella tiliae, Stigmella trimaculella}, isbn = {1822-2781}, url = {http://www.biotaxonomy.eu/files/Publikacijos/136_\%20Stigmella\%20sakhalinella\%2052_57\%20pp.pdf}, author = {Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Lensbergaite, Kristina} } @article {7897, title = {First description of leaf-mining Nepticulidae and Tischeriidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) feeding on the Chilean endemic plant genus Podanthus Lag. (Asteraceae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4061}, number = {2}, year = {2016}, month = {2016-01-05}, pages = {119-130}, edition = {2016-01-06}, abstract = {

Despite taxonomic and conservation interest in the Chilean endemic plant genus Podanthus Lag. (Asteraceae: subfamily Asteroideae , tribe Heliantheae ), no Podanthus -feeding Nepticulidae or Tischeriidae have ever been recorded. Here, on the basis of material reared from Podanthus from central Mediterranean Chile, we present the description of Stigmella podanthae sp. nov. (Nepticulidae) and a re-description of Astrotischeria chilei Puplesis \& Di\škus, 2003. Females and host-plant of the latter species were previously unknown. Both treated species are illustrated with numerous photographs of the leaf-mines, adults of both sexes, and male and female genitalia. \ 

}, keywords = {Asteraceae, Astrotischeria chilei, Chile, leaf-mines, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, Podanthus, South America, Stigmella.podanthae}, isbn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4061.2.2}, url = {http://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4061.2.2}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Torres, Nixon Cumbicus} } @article {7877, title = {The first description of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) feeding on the South American plant genus Liabum , Asteraceae}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4040}, number = {5}, year = {2015}, month = {2015-11-13}, pages = {576-582}, edition = {2015-11-13}, abstract = {

First Liabum Adans. (Asteraceae) feeding Nepticulidae are reported. Two new new species from the Andes (Ecuador) are described: Stigmella serpentina Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. and S. pangorica Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. The male genitalia of both species and the female genitalia, as well the leaf-mines of S. serpantina sp. nov. are illustrated. \ 

}, keywords = {Ecuador, leaf-mines, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, Stigmella pangorica, Stigmella serpentina}, isbn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4040.5.6}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius} } @article {7878, title = {A puzzle regarding the Siberian Ectoedemia jacutica (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): re-examination and the first photographic documentation of the type series}, journal = {Biologija}, volume = {61}, number = {3-4}, year = {2015}, month = {2015-12}, pages = {116{\textendash}122}, abstract = {This article deals with Ectoedemia jacutica, a poorly known pygmy moth described by Puplesis from two specimens collected in Eastern Siberia, which later was synonymized with E. agrimoniae (Frey), and recently with E. spiraeae Gregor \& Povolny. In the present paper, the type-series of E. jacutica is re-examined and, for the first time, illustrated with photographs of the adults and male genitalia. On the basis of comparison of E. jacutica with E. agrimoniae and E. spiraeae, it is assumed that E. jacutica represents a separate species.}, keywords = {Ectoedemia agrimoniae, Ectoedemia jacutica, Ectoedemia spiraeae, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, Russia, Siberia}, doi = {10.6001/biologija.v61i3-4.3203}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Navickaite, Asta and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas} } @article {7879, title = {An embarrassing situation requiring urgent action: Colombia, a country of extraordinary biodiversity, still counts only few species of Nepticuloidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Biologija}, volume = {61}, number = {3-4}, year = {2015}, month = {2015-12}, pages = {123{\textendash}129}, abstract = {This paper summarizes the scant available data on Nepticuloidea (Nepticulidae and Opostegidae) from Colombia, and convenes systematists, particularly in Colombia, to study these peculiar tiny insects of great theoretical and practical importance.}, keywords = {Colombia, Fomoria molybditis, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, Quercus, Stigmella humboldti, Stigmella johannis, Stigmella robleae}, doi = {10.6001/biologija.v61i3-4.3204}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Navickaite, Asta and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas} } @article {7758, title = {New records of four rare species of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) discovered in western Lithuania}, journal = {New and rare for Lithuania insect species. Records and descriptions}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, pages = {57-60}, abstract = {The recent fieldwork in Klaipeda district and Palanga town (2009{\textendash}2010) has resulted in the discovery of four rare species that are new to this area (Stigmella tityrella, S. continuella, S. hemargyrella and Ectoedemia minimella).}, keywords = {Ectoedemia minimella, Lepidoptera, Lithuania, Nepticulidae, records, Stigmella continuella, Stigmella hemargyrella, Stigmella tityrella}, isbn = {ISSN 1648-8555}, author = {Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Navickaite, Asta and Stonis, Jonas Rimantas} } @article {7710, title = {Taxonomic checklist of Nepticulidae of Mexico, with the description of three new species from the Pacific Coast (Insecta, Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Acta Zoologica Lituanica}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, year = {2009}, pages = {268-277}, abstract = {

The study of the material collected along the Pacific Coast of Mexico in 2008 has resulted in the discovery of six new species of Nepticulidae. Three species are described and named Stigmella racemifera \Šimkevi{\v c}iute \& Stonis, sp. n., Acalyptris paradividua \Šimkevi{\v c}iute \& Stonis, sp. n. and A. terrificus \Šimkevi{\v c}iute \& Stonis, sp. n., and the other three species belonging to Stigmella and Acalyptris are documented, but not named pending the availability of additional material. The taxonomic checklist of the Mexican fauna of Nepticulidae is provided for the first time. Illustrations of adults and male genitalia of all species reported in the checklist are given together with a distribution map.

}, keywords = {Acalyptris lascuevella, Acalyptris paradividua, Acalyptris terrificus, Lepidoptera, Mexico, Neotropic, Nepticulidae, New host-record, Stigmella plumosetaeella, Stigmella racemifera, Ulmaceae}, doi = {DOI: 10.2478/v10043-009-0037-0}, author = {{\v S}imkevi{\v c}iute, Agne and Stonis, Jonas R. and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas} } @proceedings {7585, title = {First discovery of leaf-mining Nepticulidae and Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) associated with the Chilean endemic genus Podanthus Lag. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant.}, year = {2014}, pages = {30-31}, publisher = {Edukologija Publishers}, address = {Vilnius}, abstract = {In total, 121 genera and 863 species of Asteraceae are native to Chile (Moreira-Mu{\~n}oz \& Mu{\~n}oz-Schick,2007; Moreira-Mu{\~n}oz, 2011). Podanthus Lag. is an endemic genus of Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Heliantheae)occurring in central Mediterranean Chile. No leaf-mining Nepticulidae or Tischeriidae have ever beenrecorded on Podanthus (Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000; Stonis, 2014). Studies of reared material collected bythe first author from Chile (Region Metropolitana de Santiago, Rio Clarillo) resulted in the discovery ofone new species of Stigmella (Nepticulidae) and one previously poorly-known species Astrotischeria chileiPuplesis \& Di{\v s}kus, 2003 (Tischeriidae) (Fig. 1).The new nepticulid species belongs to the Stigmella salicis group and clearly differs from all other speciesof the group by shape and number of cornuti in the phallus. The new species is a leaf-miner on Podanthusovatifolius Lag. After the {\textquoteleft}Formula of Evaluation of Abundance and Occurrence of Leaf-miners{\textquoteright} (seeStonis et al., 2012: 52{\textendash}54; Stonis et al., unpublished), the new leaf-miner on Podanthus ovatifolius is not rarein central Chile: limited in distribution but abundant (more than 20 leaf-mines recorded at a single site).In the original description of A. chilei (see Puplesis \& Di{\v s}kus, 2003) the ink drawings and photographsof the male genitalia are very accurate but neither females nor trophical relationships of the species wereknown or described. New material allowed a redescription of A. chilei, with the first photographic documentationof the leaf-mines and female genitalia (Stonis et al., in prep.). Astrotischeria chilei differs from allother known Astrotischeria in the dorsal lobe of the valva which is narrowed in distal half but in the ventralview always appears broad; the host-plant (Podanthus ovatifolius) also makes this species distinctive. Larvaemine leaves in April producing specific blotch mines. After the {\textquoteleft}Formula of Evaluation of Abundanceand Occurrence of Leaf-miners{\textquoteright} (Stonis et al., 2012; Stonis et al., unpublished), A. chilei is common in centralChile: limited in distribution, but extremely abundant mining.DiskusStonis2014}, keywords = {Asteraceae, Astrotischeria, Chile, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, New species, Stigmella, Tischeriidae}, author = {Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Stonis, Jonas Rimantas}, editor = {Stonis, Jonas Rimantas} } @proceedings {7589, title = {What is new and most interesting about the Nepticulidae of the Crimea and Lithuania}, year = {2014}, pages = {96-117}, publisher = {Edukologija Publishers}, address = {Vilnius}, abstract = {Due to the active destruction of landscapes as well as frequent fragmentation of habitats, global biodiversityis undergoing rapid decline. The increasing concern of the world{\textquoteright}s scientific community about the biodiversitycrisis stimulated researchers to more actively inventorize the Earth{\textquoteright}s main biomes (Stonis, 2010;Navickaite et al., 2011b).The object of our research is one of the most primitive (and from this point of view, one of the mostinteresting) taxonomic groups of the Lepidoptera order (Nepticuloidea: Nepticulidae) comprising 850 speciesand 16 genera: Pectinivalva, Roscidotoga, Simplimorpha, Enteucha, Mononeura, Areticulata, Stigmella,Bohemannia, Ectoedemia, Fomoria, Acalyptris, Parafomoria, Trifurcula, Glaucolepis, Etainia and Varius(the classification of Nepticulidae follows Puplesis, 1994; Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000, and Puplesis \& Di{\v s}kus,2003). The majority of these genera are widely distributed throughout many continents; they includethe world{\textquoteleft}s smallest Microlepidoptera, which are characterized not only by their archaic morphology butalso, as plant-miners, are greatly specialized. One of the most prominent characteristics of Nepticulidae,their mining within the green tissue of plants, presents an issue which is interesting and important for ecology(Stonis, 2010; Di{\v s}kus \& Stonis, 2012).}, keywords = {Crimea, Lepidoptera, Lithuania, Nepticulidae, Ukraine}, author = {Navickaite, Asta and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Stonis, Jonas Rimantas}, editor = {Stonis, Jonas Rimantas} } @proceedings {7590, title = {The first photographic documentation and new data on Enteucha guajavae (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), a pest of guava from equatorial America}, year = {2014}, pages = {65-74}, publisher = {Edukologija Publishers}, address = {Vilnius}, abstract = {Pygmy moths (Nepticulidae) are economically important because these insects are often recognized as pestsor potential pests (dozens of species have been listed as pests of cultivated plants, see Kuznetzov \& Puplesis,1994). This article deals with a previously poorly known leaf-miner of Enteucha Meyrick, a pest of guava.The common guava (Psidium guajava, Myrtaceae) (or guayaba in Spanish) is one of the most popularfruit trees (particularly in Latin America). The guava is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropicalregions around the world, although it is native to the Neotropics (Central America and probably morewidespread). It is an evergreen small tree or shrub, which florishes in a moist tropical environment but cantolerate drought conditions.The small genus Enteucha, belonging to the plant-mining (predominantly leaf-mining) family Nepticulidae,includes several described species, the majority of which are known from the Neotropics: E. cyanochloraMeyrick, 1915; E. gilvafascia (Davis, 1978); E. hilli Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000; E. contracoloreaPuplesis \& Robinson, 2000; E. terricula Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000; E. snaddoni Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000;E. acuta Puplesis \& Di{\v s}kus, 2002; and E. guajavae Puplesis \& Di{\v s}kus, 2002 (Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000;Puplesis et al., 2002b). Although the biology and host-plants of most of the species are still unknown, thelatter species {\textendash} E. guajavae {\textendash} was described from reared material as a monophagous leaf-miner on Psidiumguajava (Puplesis et al., 2002a). To date this is only guava-feeding species among Nepticulidae; however,after the species first discovery in 2001, no more data on E. guajavae have been published or collected. Ourrecent searches for plant-mining larvae on Psidium guajava in Bucay (a type locality of E. guajavae) andother localities of central Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico have brought no results (except fora few empty old leaf-mines observed at the type locality in March{\textendash}April 2005 and 2007). This could bebecause our searches were either too sporadic (seldom and unfocused) , or because of the restricted distributionsof the species.A recent business trip to La Universidad T{\'e}cnica Particular de Loja (southern Ecuador), undertaken inFebruary 2014 by the first two authors, has resulted in the rediscovery of E. guajavae and revealed new dataon the species biology, distribution and female morphology.In the original description of the species (see Puplesis et al., 2002a), the ink drawings of the genitaliaare quite accurate but they did not show all details of the female genitalia or leaf-mines. Here, on the basisof new material, we present a re-description of E. guajavae, with the first photographic documentation ofthe leaf-mines, adults, and genitalia.}, keywords = {Ecuador, Enteucha guajavae, host plant, Lepidoptera, Myrtaceae, Nepticulidae}, author = {Remeikis, Andrius and Stonis, Jonas Rimantas and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Davis, Donald R.}, editor = {Stonis, Jonas Rimantas} } @proceedings {7592, title = {Study methods of Nepticulidae: micro-mounts of genitalia structures}, year = {2014}, pages = {32-35}, publisher = {Edukologija Publishers}, address = {Vilnius}, abstract = {In the studies on Lepidoptera, in particular Nepticulidae, description of external characters is often insufficientand mounts of genitalia have to be prepared. Nepticulidae species diagnostics most often relieson the characters of male (sometimes on the characters of female) genitalia (Fig. 2), which compared withother morphological structures are distinguished by high specificity (Puplesis \& Robinson, 2000; Puplesis\& Di{\v s}kus, 2003). Reliable species identification and descriptions of Nepticulidae are impossible without theexamination of genital structures (Di{\v s}kus \& Stonis, 2012). It was noticed that the male genitalia charactersof Nepticulidae vary little and specific at the level of both species or higher taxonomic rank ({\v S}imkevi{\v c}iuteet al., 2010; Navickaite et al., 2011; Stonis et al., 2012b). The shape of valva, transtilla, vinculum, uncus, gnathos,phallus (especially including cornuti on vesica) are essential diagnostic characters of Nepticulidaespecies.}, keywords = {Lepidoptera, Methods, Nepticulidae}, author = {Stonis, Jonas Rimantas and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Navickaite, Asta}, editor = {Stonis, Jonas Rimantas} } @article {7583, title = {An updated checklist of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of the Crimea, Sub-Mediterranean SE Europe}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3847}, year = {2014}, month = {2014-08-07}, pages = {151-202}, abstract = {

This updated checklist is intended to be a collaborative effort by a team of taxonomists to present a hitherto little known diversity of the Nepticulidae of the Crimea. A total of 64 species of Nepticulidae are listed. The following 26 species are recorded for the first time from the Crimea: Stigmella confusella (Wood \& Walsingham, 1894), S. tiliae (Frey, 1856), S. microtheriella (Stainton, 1854), S. alnetella (Stainton, 1854), S. glutinosae (Stainton, 1858), S. desperatella (Frey, 1856), S. torminalis (Wood, 1890), S. crataegella (Klimesch, 1936), S. hahniella (W\örz, 1937), S. catharticella (Stainton, 1853), S. malella (Stainton, 1854), S. rhamnella (Herrich-Sch\äffter, 1860), S. ulmivora (Fologne, 1860), S. trimaculella (Haworth, 1828), S. obliquella (Heinemann, 1862), S. tityrella (Stainton, 1854), S. carpinella (Heinemann, 1862), S. lemniscella (Zeller, 1839), S. plagicolella (Stainton, 1854), S. samiatella (Zeller, 1939), Bohemannia pulverosella (Stainton, 1849), Ectoedemia mahalebella (Klimesch, 1936), Fomoria septembrella (Stainton, 1849), Trifurcula silviae van Nieukerken, 1990, T. macedonica Z. La\št{\r u}vka \& A. La\št{\r u}vka, 1998, T. eurema (Tutt, 1899). One species, Ectoedemia spinosella (Joannis, 1908), is excluded here from the list of the Nepticulidae of the Crimea. Thirty-nine selected species are illustrated with photographs of the leaf-mines, and forty-five species with photographs of genitalia.\ 

}, keywords = {Stigmella confusella, Stigmella crataegella, Stigmella desperatella, Stigmella dorsiguttella, Stigmella floslactella, Stigmella freyella, Stigmella glutinosae, Stigmella hahniella, Stigmella hybnerella, Stigmella incognitella, Stigmella irregularis, Stigmella lemniscella, Stigmella malella, Stigmella microtheriella, Stigmella minusculella, Stigmella obliquella, Stigmella paliurella, Stigmella paradoxa, Stigmella perpygmaeella, Stigmella plagicolella, Stigmella prunetorum, Stigmella rhamnella, Stigmella roborella, Stigmella rolandi, Stigmella salicis, Stigmella samiatella, Stigmella splendidissimella, Stigmella thuringiaca, Stigmella tiliae, Stigmella tityrella, Stigmella torminalis, Stigmella trimaculella, Stigmella ulmiphaga, Stigmella ulmivora, Stigmella viscerella}, author = {Navickaite, Asta and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Stonis, Jonas R} } @article {7555, title = {Four new leaf-mining Acalyptris species from Guatemala and Belize, with new data on bionomics of Stigmella pruinosa (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3737}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, month = {2013-11-19}, pages = {101-117}, edition = {2013-11-19}, abstract = {

This paper describes four new species: Acalyptris basicornis Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov., A. peteni Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., A. caribbicus Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. (host-plant: Lantana involucrata L., Verbenaceae), and A. statuarius Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. Another species, Stigmella pruinosa Puplesis \& Robinson, is re-described, with new distribution records in Guatemala and with the first documentation of leaf-mines on Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae). All five species are illustrated with photographs of the leaf-mines, adults, and genitalia.

}, keywords = {Acalyptris basicornis, Acalyptris caribbicus, Acalyptris peteni, Acalyptris statuarius, Guatemala, host plant, Malvaceae, Nepticulidae, New species, Stigmella pruinosa, Verbenaceae}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.1}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3737.2.1}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Noreika, Remigijus and Schuster, Jack} } @article {7556, title = {Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3737}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {2013-11-20}, pages = {201-222}, edition = {2013-11-20}, abstract = {

Stigmella acuta Di\škus, Navickaite \& Remeikis, sp. nov., a new species of oak-feeding leaf-miner belonging to the S. hemargyrellagroup, and S. cornuta Rociene \& Stonis, sp. nov., belonging to the newly designated S. cornuta group, aredescribed from Asia and, for the first time, the S. hemargyrella group is associated with Quercus as a host-plant. The newspecies are illustrated with photographs of the leaf mines, adults, and genitalia. Diagnostics and host-plant preferences ofseven Stigmella species groups associated with oaks (the S. caesurifasciella, S. saginella, S. quercipulchella, S. ruficapitella,S. castanopsiella, S. hemargyrella and S. cornuta groups) are discussed.

}, keywords = {China, Himalaya, India, Nepticulidae, New species, Quercus, Stigmella acuta, Stigmella cornuta}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3737.3.1}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3737.3.1}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Navickaite, Asta and Rociene, Agne} } @book {7539, title = {Lietuvos endobiontiniai vabzd{\v z}iai: Nepticulidae faunos taksonomine,chorologine ir trofine charakteristika. Leaf-mining insects of Lithuania: The Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera): taxonomy, chorological composition and trophic relationships}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Lutute publishers}, organization = {Lutute publishers}, address = {Kaunas}, abstract = {The monograph presents a short review of leaf-mining insects and a comprehensive analysis of the Lithuanian Nepticulidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) fauna. Based on the originalinvestigation data collected by Asta Navickaite, Arunas Di{\v s}kus, Jonas R. Stonis and otherresearchers, the monograph gives the first chorological evaluation of the Lithuanian Nepticulidaefauna, presents an updated taxonomic catalogue of the fauna, considers rare andfrequent species and sheds new light on trophic relationships of the family. According tothe data contained in this book, at present 75 Nepticulidae species are known in Lithuania,most of them being recorded in south-western (66 species) and south-eastern(65 species) regions of the country. A great majority of the Lithuanian Nepticulidaespecies (75\%) are attributed to the Stigmella Schrank, a rather significant part belongsto Ectoedemia Busck and other five genera are represented by several or merely a singlespecies. A given analysis of Nepticulidae distribution ranges has revealed chorologicalheterogeneity of the Lithuanian fauna of Nepticulidae: Lithuanian Nepticulidae are determinedto form eight different chorological groups. The most numerous are the groups ofmoderately limited European distribution: Euro-Submediterranean and Euro-Nemoral.The main part of Nepticulidae (26{\textendash}31\%) in nearly all terrestrial regions of Lithuania are the species of Euro-Submediterranean distribution; however, such species are considerably less numerous in the coastal region (8\%). The coastal region mostly inhabits species of Euro-Mediterranean distribution (32\%), which are markedly less abundant in other Lithuanian regions (including the Curonian Spit, where they account for merely 4\% of the total fauna of Nepticulidae). From the chorological point of view the most unique among Lithuanian regions is the Curonian Spit, which chiefly inhabits species of Sub-Baltic distribution, which are absent from other regions of the country. No less unique is the coastal region, which is characterised by the highest occurrence of species of Euro-Mediterranean distribution compared with other regions. The monograph gives a rather wide analysis of trophic relationships of Nepticulidae. Though many of Lithuanian Nepticulidae are oligophagous (38\%), most of the species mine plants of one particular species (monophagous species account for 62\% of the whole Lithuanian fauna of Nepticulidae).The book is abundantly illustrated by original photographs. An atlas of Nepticulidae mines presented in the book will facilitate identification of a great majority of Nepticulidae species. However, it should be noted that not all Lithuanian Nepticulidae species can be reliably identified solely according to the samples of mines collected. A more precise identification of some species of Ectoedemia and Stigmella requires genital preparations. The book adequately describes a methodology for preparing genital slides. The monograph ends with conclusions some of which are probably not final, because the Lithuanian Nepticulidae fauna is still in the process of investigation. The monograph will hopefully encourage more intensive investigation into Lithuanian (and European) leaf-mining insects (including Nepticulidae). At the end of the monograph, terminology explanations and a list of standardized Lithuanian names of some lesaf-mining insects are given; the majority of these names are terminological neologisms. We are of opinion that this monograph not only presents the first comprehensive analysis and evaluation of Lithuanian Nepticulidae, but could also be useful for students of biology, zoology and entomology.}, keywords = {Bohemannia pulverosella, Ectoedemia albifasciella, Ectoedemia arcuatella, Ectoedemia argyropeza, Ectoedemia atricollis, Ectoedemia atrifrontella, Ectoedemia hannoverella, Ectoedemia intimella, Ectoedemia klimeschi, Ectoedemia minimella, Ectoedemia occultella, Ectoedemia rubivora, Ectoedemia septembrella, Ectoedemia sericopeza, Ectoedemia subbimaculella, Ectoedemia turbidella, Ectoedemia weaveri, Enteucha acetosae, Lepidoptera, Lithuania, Nepticulidae, Stigmella aceris, Stigmella aeneofasciella, Stigmella alnetella, Stigmella anomalella, Stigmella assimilella, Stigmella atricapitella, Stigmella aurella, Stigmella basiguttella, Stigmella benanderella, Stigmella betulicola, Stigmella carpinella, Stigmella catharticella, Stigmella confusella, Stigmella continuella, Stigmella crataegella, Stigmella desperatella, Stigmella filipendulae, Stigmella floslactella, Stigmella freyella, Stigmella hemargyrella, Stigmella hybnerella, Stigmella incognitella, Stigmella lapponica, Stigmella lediella, Stigmella lemniscella, Stigmella lonicerarum, Stigmella luteella, Stigmella magdalenae, Stigmella malella, Stigmella microtheriella, Stigmella minusculella, Stigmella myrtillella, Stigmella nivenburgensis, Stigmella nylandriella, Stigmella obliquella, Stigmella oxyacanthella, Stigmella plagicolella, Stigmella poterii, Stigmella pretiosa, Stigmella prunetorum, Stigmella pyri, Stigmella roborella, Stigmella ruficapitella, Stigmella sakhalinella, Stigmella salicis, Stigmella samiatella, Stigmella sanguisorbae, Stigmella sorbi, Stigmella splendidissimella, Stigmella tiliae, Stigmella tityrella, Stigmella trimaculella, Stigmella ulmivora, Stigmella viscerella, Stigmella zelleriella, Trifurcula headleyella}, isbn = {978-9955-37-148-9}, author = {Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Stonis, Jonas Rimantas} } @article {7540, title = {First discovery of Quercus feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) in Central America}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3737}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013-11-18}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

Despite the high taxonomic diversity of oaks in Mexico and Central America, no Quercus feeding Nepticulidae have ever been recorded from the region. Here, we present seven species whose larvae are leaf-miners of Quercus (section Lobatae) in Guatemala. Except Stigmella nigriverticella (Chambers 1875), which was previously known from the United States, all other discovered species are new. We describe and name five new species (Stigmella jaguari Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. lauta Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. sublauta Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov., S. aurifasciata Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov. and S. guatemalensis Di\škus \& Stonis, sp. nov.); the remaining new species is described but left unnamed because of lack of adults (i. e. moths and genitalia are described from developed pupae). All seven treated species are illustrated with photographs of the leaf-mines, adults, and genitalia.

}, keywords = {Guatemala, Nepticulidae, Quercus, Stigmella aurifasciata, Stigmella guatemalensis, Stigmella jaguari, Stigmella lauta, Stigmella nigriverticella, Stigmella sublauta}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3737.3.1}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3737.3.1}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Remeikis, Andrius and Schuster, Jack} } @article {7507, title = {New Nepticulidae species (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from the Yucat{\'a}n Peninsula}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3609}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, pages = {223-230}, abstract = {

Thirty-eight species of Nepticulidae are known from the Yucat\án Peninsula and adjacent areas (mainland Mexico and Be-lize). This paper describes two new species: Stigmella maya Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov. (a leaf-miner of Karwinskia hum-boldtiana, Rhamnaceae), and Acalyptris yucatani Remeikis \& Stonis, sp. nov. (a leaf-miner of Schinus sp., Anacardiaceae). S. maya is among the smallest Lepidoptera in the world. In its male genitalia S. maya resembles a sizeable group of undescribed species occurring in the Andes (Patagonia: Argentina). The adults of both new species are illustrated with photographs of adults, genitalia and leaf-mines.

}, keywords = {Acalyptris yucatani, Anacardiaceae, Belize, Mexico, Nepticulidae, Rhamnaceae, Schinus, Stigmella maya}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.8}, author = {Stonis, Jonas R and Remeikis, Andrius and Di{\v s}kus, Arunas and Noreika, Remigijus} }