@article {8225,
	title = {Phylotranscriptomics resolves ancient divergences in the Lepidoptera},
	journal = {Systematic EntomologySystematic Entomology},
	volume = {Early View},
	year = {2016},
	edition = {2016-11-23},
	abstract = {<p>Classic morphological studies of the oldest, so-called nonditrysian lineages of Lepidoptera yielded a well-resolved phylogeny, supported by the stepwise origin of the traits characterizing the clade Ditrysia, which contains over 98\% of extant lepidopterans. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular studies have robustly supported many aspects of the morphological hypothesis and strongly contradicted others, while leaving some relationships unsettled. Here we bring the greatly expanded gene sampling of RNA-Seq to bear on nonditrysian phylogeny, especially those aspects that were not conclusively resolved by the combination of morphology and previous PCR-based multi-gene studies. We analysed up to 2212 genes in each of 28 species representing all 12 superfamilies and 15 of 21 families of nonditrysians, plus trichopteran outgroups and representative Ditrysia. Our maximum likelihood phylogeny estimates used both nonsynonymous changes only (degen1 coding) and all nucleotides (nt123) partitioned by codon position, recovering a novel hypothesis for early glossatan relationships that is the most strongly supported to date. We find strong support for Micropterigidae alone as the sister group to all other Lepidoptera, in agreement with morphology and early molecular evidence, but in contrast to recent PCR-based studies. Also very strongly supported are the previously recognized clades Angiospermivora, Heteroneura, Eulepidoptera and Euheteroneura. Finally, we find strong support for paraphyly of the southern hemisphere family Palaephatidae, with the South American genus Palaephatus Butler forming the previously undetermined sister group to Ditrysia. The remaining palaephatids, Australian and South American, form the sister group to Tischeriidae.</p>
},
	keywords = {Enteucha acetosae, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, Nepticuloidea, Non-Ditrysia, Opostegidae, phylogeny, Pseudopostega quadristrigella, Transcriptomes},
	doi = {10.1111/syen.12217},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12217/full},
	author = {Bazinet, Adam L. and Mitter, Kim T. and Davis, Donald R. and Nieukerken, Erik J. van and Cummings, Michael P. and Mitter, Charles}
}
@article {8188,
	title = {An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = { 3286},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012-04-30},
	pages = { 1{\textendash}132},
	abstract = {<p>In this catalog, we attempt to assemble all fossil records of Lepidoptera described formally or informally in the world literature. A total of 667 records dealing with at least 4,568 specimens have been compiled. They include descriptions of 131 fossil genera and 229 fossil species, as well as 72 extant genera and 21 extant species to which some of these fossils supposedly belong or show superficial similarity. Replacement names of two fossil genera are proposed to avoid homonymy: Baltopsyche Sohn, gen. nov. for PalaeopsycheSobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 and Netoxena Sohn, gen. nov. for Xena Martins-Neto, 1999. New generic combinations are proposed for: Tortrix ? destructus Cockerell, 1916, Tortrixflorissantanus Cockerell, 1907, and To r t r i x sp. sensu Gravenhorst (1835), all three to Tortricites Kozlov, 1988; Pterophorus oligocenicus Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986, to MerrifieldiaTutt, 1905; Aporia sp. sensu Branscheid (1969) to Pierites Heer, 1849; Noctua spp. sensu Hope (1836) and Lomnicki (1894), both to Noctuites Heer, 1849. Eleven names improperly proposed for lepidopteran fossils are invalidated: Baltonides roeselliformis Skalski in Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981; Baltodines Kupryjanowicz, 2001; Barbarothea Scudder, 1890; Lepidopterites Piton, 1936; Palaeozygaena Reiss, 1936; Psamateia calipsa Martins-Neto, 2002; Saxibatinca meyi Skalski in Kristensen and Skalski, 1998; Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1976; Thanatites juvenalis Scudder, 1875; Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1976; and Zygaenites Reiss, 1936. An unnecessary subsequent type designation for Pierites Heer, 1849, is discussed. A total of 129 records include lepidopteran foss ils which cannot be placed in any taxonomic rank. There also exist at least 25 fossil records which lack any evidence of the supposed lepidopteran association. Misidentified specimens, including 18 fossil genera, 29 fossil species and 12 unnamed fossils, are excluded from Lepidoptera. All the known lepidopteran fossils are annotated by fossil type, specimen deposition, excavation locality, association with plants when present, and geological age. A bibliographic list of lepidopteran fossils is provided.</p>
},
	keywords = {fossil, Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae, Stigmellites araliae, Stigmellites balticus, Stigmellites carpiniorientalis, Stigmellites centennis, Stigmellites fossilis, Stigmellites gossi, Stigmellites heringi, Stigmellites kzyldzharicus, Stigmellites messelensis, Stigmellites pliotityrellus, Stigmellites samsonovi, Stigmellites serpentina, Stigmellites sharovi, Stigmellites tyshchenkoi, Stigmellites zelkovae},
	isbn = {1175-5334},
	author = {Sohn, Jae-Cheon and Labandeira, Conrad C. and Davis, Donald R. and Mitter, Charles}
}
