@article {8218, title = {Phylogeny, classification and divergence times of pygmy leafmining moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): the earliest lepidopteran radiation on Angiosperms?}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {42}, year = {2016}, month = {2016-10-31}, pages = {267-287}, abstract = {

Nepticulidae is one of the early diverging Lepidoptera lineages, and currently comprises over 850 described species. The larvae of the vast majority of the species are leafminers on Angiosperms and highly monophagous, which has led to persistent ideas on coevolution with their plant hosts. We here present a molecular phylogeny based on eight gene fragments from 355 species, representing 20 out of 22 extant Nepticulidae genera. Using two fossil calibration points, we performed molecular dating to place the origin of the family in the Early Cretaceous, before the main Angiosperm diversification. Based on our results we propose a new classification, abandoning all ranks between family and genus, as well as subgenera to allow for a stable classification. The position of Enteucha within Nepticulidae remains somewhat ambiguous, and the species rich cosmopolitan genus Stigmella, with nearly half of all described Nepticulidae, requires further study. Ectoedemia, Zimmermannia, Acalyptris, Etainia, Parafomoria, Muhabbetana and Fomoria appear to have diversified in a relatively short evolutionary period, leading to short branches in the molecular phylogeny and unclear suprageneric relations. Otherwise supports throughout the phylogeny are mostly high and the species groups, genera and higher clades are discussed in respect to their supporting morphological and life history characters. Wing venation characters are confirmed to mostly be reliable and relevant for classification, but some other characters previously used require re-interpretation. The species groups of most genera are recovered, but only partly so in the large genus Stigmella. The molecular dating results are compared with existing knowledge on the timing of the Angiosperm radiation and reveal that the diversification of Nepticulidae could largely have been contemporaneous with their hosts, although some of the genera restricted to a single plant family appear to have begun to diversify before their hosts. This is the first published update on the full classification of Nepticulidae in over 15 years, and the first time that more than two Nepticulidae taxa are included in molecular dating estimates.

}, keywords = {Acalyptris, Acalyptris platani group, Acalyptris psammophricta group, Acalyptris scirpi group, Acalyptris staticis group, Areticulata, Bohemannia, Bohemannia pulverosella, Casanovula, CRETACEOUS, Ectoedemia, Ectoedemia angulifasciella, Ectoedemia angulifasciella group, Ectoedemia commiphorella group, Ectoedemia occultella, Ectoedemia populella group, Ectoedemia quadrinotata, Ectoedemia subbimaculella group, Enteucha, Enteucha basidactyla, Enteucha gilvafascia, Etainia, Etainia obtusa, Fomoria, Fomoria groschkei group, Fomoria vannifera, Fomoria vannifera group, Fomoria viridissimella, Fomoria weaveri group, glaucolepis, Glaucolepis argentosa, Glaucolepis headleyella group, Glaucolepis oishiella, Glaucolepis raikhonae, Glaucolepis raikhonae group, Glaucolepis saccharella, Glaucolepis saccharella group, Hesperolyra, Leafmines, Levarchama, Menurella, Menurella xenadelpha, Molecular clock, Molecular phylogenetics, Morphology, Muhabbetana, Muhabbetana grandinosa, Neotrifurcula, Nepticulidae, Opostega, Opostega salaciella, Opostegidae, Opostegoides, Ozadelpha, Ozadelpha conostegiae, Ozadelpha EvN4680, Ozadelpha guajavae, Parafomoria, Pectinivalva, phylogeny, Pseudopostega, Pygmy moths, Roscidotoga, Simplimorpha, Simplimorpha lanceifoliella, Simplimorpha promissa, Stigmella, Stigmella anomalella group, Stigmella aurella group, Stigmella betulicola group, Stigmella epicosma group, Stigmella floslactella group, Stigmella hybnerella group, Stigmella intronia, Stigmella irregularis group, Stigmella lapponica group, Stigmella lemniscella group, Stigmella malella, Stigmella naturnella, Stigmella ogygia group, Stigmella oxyacanthella group, Stigmella paliurella group, Stigmella paradoxa group, Stigmella prunifoliella group, Stigmella quercipulchella group, Stigmella ruficapitella group, Stigmella saginella group, Stigmella salicis group, Stigmella sanguisorbae group, Stigmella slingerlandella, Stigmella tricentra, Stigmella ulmivora group, Stigmella ultima group, Trifurcula, Trifurcula cryptella group, Trifurcula pallidella group, Trifurcula subnitidella group, Varius, Zimmermannia}, doi = {10.1111/syen.12212}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12212/full}, author = {Doorenweerd, Camiel and Nieukerken, Erik J. van and Hoare, Robert J. B.} } @article {8170, title = {A provisional phylogenetic check-list of the western Palaearctic Nepticulidae, with data on hostplants (Lepidoptera)}, journal = {Entomologica Scandinavica}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, year = {1986}, month = {1986-05-23}, pages = {1-27}, abstract = {

Acalyptris-Meyrick-1921 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, Weberina-Muller-Rutz-1934, p.-14, Syn-nov, Weberia-Muller-Rutz-1934, p.-14, Syn-nov, Niepeltia-Strand-1934, p.-14, Syn-nov, Microcalyptris-Braun-1925, p.-14;Acalyptris-desertellus ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-falkovitshi ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-gallinae ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-loranthella ( Klimesch-1937 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-lvovskyi ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-minimella ( Rebel-1924 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-pallens ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-platani ( Muller-Rutz-1934- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-repeteki ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-shafirkanus ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-staticis ( Walsingham-1907 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-turanicus ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-turcomanicus ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Acalyptris-vittatus ( Puplesis-1984 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Artaversala-Davis-1978 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Enteucha-Meyrick-1915;Astigmella-Puplesis-1984 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Stigmella-Schrank-1802, p.-7;Bohemannia-auriciliella ( Joannis-1908 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-16, Syn-nov, B.-bradfordi- ( Emmet-1974 ) , p.-16;Bohemannia-bradfordi ( Emmet-1974 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-B.-auriciliella- ( Joannis-1908 ) , p.-16;Ectoedemia- ( Etainia- ) Beirne-1945 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Downgraded-from, Etainia-, p.-16;Ectoedemia- ( Etainia- ) albibimaculella- ( Larsen-1927 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-16;Ectoedemia- ( Etainia- ) decentella- ( Herrich-Schaffer-1855- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-16;Ectoedemia- ( Etainia- ) louisella- ( Sircom-1849 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-16;Ectoedemia- ( Etainia- ) sericopeza- ( Zeller-1839 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-16;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) deschkai- ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) groschkei- ( Skala-1943 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) luisae- ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) nowakowskii- ( Toll-1957 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from, Stigmella-, p.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) variicapitella- ( Chretien-1908 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Laqueus- ) euphorbiella- ( Stainton-1869 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Laqueus- ) jubae- ( Walsingham-1907 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Laqueus- ) nigrifasciata- ( Walsingham-1907 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Laqueus- ) tergestina- ( Klimesch-1940 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Ectoedemia- ( Laqueus- ) vincamajorella- ( Hartig-1964 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-17;Etainia-Beirne-1945 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Downgraded-to, Ectoedemia- ( Etainia- ) , p.-16;Fedalmia-Beirne-1945 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Trifurcula ( Glaucolepis- ) Braun-1917, p.-15;Johanssonia-Borkowski-1978 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Enteucha-Meyrick-1915;Johanssoniella-Kocak-1981 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Enteucha-Meyrick-1915;Manoneura-Davis-1979 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Enteucha-Meyrick-1915;Microcalyptris-Braun-1925 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Acalyptris-Meyrick-1921, p.-14;Niepeltia-Strand-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Acalyptris-Meyrick-1921, p.-14;Oligoneura-Davis-1979 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Enteucha-Meyrick-1915;Simplimorpha-promissa ( Staudinger-1870 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-6, Syn-nov, S.-robiniella- ( Gustafsson-1973 ) , p.-6;Simplimorpha-robiniella ( Gustafsson-1973 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-promissa- ( Staudinger-1870 ) , p.-6;Stigmella-Schrank-1802 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, Astigmella-Puplesis-1984, p.-7;Stigmella-amygdali ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-13;Stigmella-anomalella ( Goze-1783 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, S.-caulescentella-Klimesch-1946, p.-9, Syn-nov, S.-zermattensis- ( Weber-1937 ) , p.-9;Stigmella-auritella ( Skala-1939 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-salicis- ( Stainton-1854 ) , p.-11;Stigmella-azaroli ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-13;Stigmella-bollii ( Frey-1873 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-pretiosa- ( Heinemann-1862 ) , p.-12;Stigmella-caulescentella-Klimesch-1946 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-anomalella- ( Goze-1783 ) , p.-9;Stigmella-crenulatae ( Klimesch-1975 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-8;Stigmella-incognitella ( Herrich-Schaffer-1855- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-13, Syn-nov, S.-malli- ( Hering-1932 ) , p.-13, Syn-nov, S.-pomella- ( Vaughn-1858 ) , p.-13;Stigmella-lemniscella ( Zeller-1839 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from, Lyonetia-, p.-11, Syn-nov, S.-fulvomacula- ( Skala-1936 ) , p.-12;Stigmella-libiezi-Dufrane-1949 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-salicis- ( Stainton-1854 ) , p.-11;Stigmella-macrolepidella ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-13;Stigmella-malli ( Hering-1932 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-incognitella- ( Herrich-Schaffer-1855- ) , p.-13;Stigmella-muricatella ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-9;Stigmella-nowakowskii-Toll-1957 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) , p.-17;Stigmella-pomella ( Vaughn-1858 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-incognitella- ( Herrich-Schaffer-1855- ) , p.-13;Stigmella-pretiosa ( Heinemann-1862 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, S.-bollii- ( Frey-1873 ) , p.-12;Stigmella-salicis ( Stainton-1854 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, S.-vimineticola- ( Frey-1856 ) , p.-11, Syn-nov, S.-libiezi-Dufrane-1949, p.-11, Syn-nov, S.-auritella- ( Skala-1939 ) , p.-11;Stigmella-styracicolella ( Klimesch-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-14;Stigmella-szoecsiella ( Borkowski-1972 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-13;Stigmella-vimineticola ( Frey-1856 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-salicis- ( Stainton-1854 ) , p.-11;Stigmella-zermattensis ( Weber-1937 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-anomalella- ( Goze-1783 ) , p.-9;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) Braun-1917 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, Fedalmia-Beirne-1945, p.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) bleonella- ( Chretien-1904 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) bupleurella- ( Chretien-1907 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) hamirella- ( Chretien-1915 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) headleyella- ( Stainton-1854 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, T.-rodella-Svensson-1982, p.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) saturejae- ( Parenti-1963 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) teucriella- ( Chretien-1914 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) thymi- ( Szocs-1965 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Lectotype-designated, P.-5, Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) zollikofferiella- ( Chretien-1914 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Levarchama- ) eurema-Tutt-1899 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, T.-gozmanyi- ( Szocs-1959 ) , p.-15, Syn-nov, T.-dorycniella- ( Suire-1928 ) , p.-15;Trifurcula- ( Levarchama- ) ortneri- ( Klimesch-1951 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-15;Trifurcula- ( Trifurcula- ) pallidella- ( Duponchel-1843 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, T.-incognitella-Toll-1936, p.-15;Trifurcula- ( Trifurcula- ) serotinella-Herrich-Schaffer-1855 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, T.-confertella-Fuchs-1895, p.-15;Trifurcula-confertella-Fuchs-1895 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-T.- ( Trifurcula- ) serotinella-Herrich-Schaffer-1855, p.-15;Trifurcula-dorycniella ( Suire-1928 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-T.- ( Levarchama- ) eurema- ( Tutt-1899 ) , p.-15;Trifurcula-gozmanyi ( Szocs-1959 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-T.- ( Levarchama- ) eurema- ( Tutt-1899 ) , p.-15;Trifurcula-incognitella-Toll-1936 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-T.- ( Trifurcula- ) pallidella- ( Duponchel-1843 ) , p.-15;Trifurcula-rodella-Svensson-1982 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-T.- ( Glaucolepis- ) headleyella, p.-15;Weberia-Muller-Rutz-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Acalyptris-Meyrick-1921, p.-14;Weberina-Muller-Rutz-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Acalyptris-Meyrick-1921, p.-14;Enteucha-Meyrick-1915 ( Lyonetiidae- ) : Syn-nov, Artaversala-Davis-1978, p.-7, Syn-nov, Johanssonia-Borkowski-1972, p.-7, Syn-nov, Manoneura-Davis-1979, p.-7, Syn-nov, Johanssoniella-Kocak-1981, p.-7, Syn-nov, Oligoneura-Davis-1978, p.-7;Enteucha-acetosae ( Stainton-1854 ) ( Lyonetiidae- ) : Comb-nov, Previous-combination-not-given, P.-7;Lyonetia-lemniscella-Zeller-1839 ( Lyonetiidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-11;Stigmella-fulvomacula ( Skala-1936 ) ( Lyonetiidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-lemniscella- ( Zeller-1839 ) , p.-12;Stigmella-lemniscella ( Zeller-1839 ) ( Lyonetiidae- ) : Syn-nov, S.-arginicolella- ( Stainton-1853 ) , p.-12, Syn-nov, S.-suberosella- ( Toll-1934 ) , p.-12;Stigmella-marginicolella ( Stainton-1853 ) ( Lyonetiidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-lemniscella- ( Zeller-1839 ) , p.-12;Stigmella-suberosella ( Toll-1934 ) ( Lyonetiidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-S.-lemniscella- ( Zeller-1839 ) , p.-12

}, keywords = {Acalyptris, Acalyptris desertellus, Acalyptris falkovitshi, Acalyptris gallinae, Acalyptris loranthella, Acalyptris lvovskyi, Acalyptris minimella, Acalyptris pallens, Acalyptris platani, Acalyptris repeteki, Acalyptris shafirkanus, Acalyptris staticis, Acalyptris turanicus, Acalyptris turcomanicus, Acalyptris vittatus, Artaversala, Astigmella, Bohemannia auriciliella, Bohemannia bradfordi, checklist, Ectoedemia, Ectoedemia albibimaculella, Ectoedemia decentella, Ectoedemia deschkai, Ectoedemia euphorbiella, Ectoedemia groschkei, Ectoedemia jubae, Ectoedemia louisella, Ectoedemia luisae, Ectoedemia nigrifasciata, Ectoedemia nowakowskii, Ectoedemia sericopeza, Ectoedemia tergestina, Ectoedemia variicapitella, Ectoedemia vincamajorella, Enteucha, Enteucha acetosae, Etainia, Europe, Fedalmia, glaucolepis, host plant, Johanssonia, Johanssoniella, Lepidoptera, Lyonetia lemniscella, Manoneura, Microcalyptris, Nepticula robiniella, Nepticulidae, Niepeltia, Oligoneura, Simplimorpha promissa, Stigmella, Stigmella amygdali, Stigmella anomalella, Stigmella auritella, Stigmella azaroli, Stigmella bollii, Stigmella caulescentella, Stigmella crenulatae, Stigmella fulvomacula, Stigmella incognitella, Stigmella lemniscella, Stigmella libiezi, Stigmella macrolepidella, Stigmella malli, Stigmella marginicolella, Stigmella muricatella, Stigmella nowakowskii, Stigmella pomella, Stigmella pretiosa, Stigmella salicis, Stigmella styracicolella, Stigmella suberosella, Stigmella szoecsiella, Stigmella vimineticola, Stigmella zermattensis, Trifurcula bleonella, Trifurcula bupleurella, Trifurcula confertella, Trifurcula dorycniella, Trifurcula eurema, Trifurcula gozmanyi, Trifurcula hamirella, Trifurcula headleyella, Trifurcula incognitella, Trifurcula ortneri, Trifurcula pallidella, Trifurcula rodella, Trifurcula saturejae, Trifurcula serotinella, Trifurcula teucriella, Trifurcula thymi, Trifurcula zollikofferiella, Weberia, Weberina, western Palaearctic}, doi = {10.1163/187631286X00099}, author = {Erik J. van Nieukerken} } @article {7434, title = {Systematics and phylogeny of Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera, Heteroneura: Monotrysia)}, journal = {Zoologische Verhandelingen}, volume = {236}, year = {1986}, month = {1986-12-31}, pages = {1-93}, abstract = {A revised classification of the Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae is provided. Eight genera belonging to the nominal subfamily are recognised and redefined. They are Enteucha Meyrick (= Johanssonia Borkowski, Artaversala Davis, Oligoneura Davis), Stigmella Schrank (including Astigmella Puplesis), Simplimorpha Scoble in the Nepticulini and Acalyptris Meyrick ( = Microcalyptris Braun, Niepeltia Strand), Trifurcula Zeller, Parafomoria Van Nieukerken, Bohemannia Stainton and Ectoedemia Busck in the Trifurculini. Trifurcula is divided into the subgenera Glaucolepis Braun (= Fedalmia Beirne), Levarchama Beirne and Trifurcula s.str. Ectoedemia is divided into the subgenera Etainia Beirne, Fomoria Beirne, Laqueus Scoble, Zimmermannia Hering and Ectoedemia s.str. The genera and subgenera are (re)described and data on biology and distribution are given. The species Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger) and Acalyptris psammophricta Meyrick are redescribed. A phylogeny of the family in cladistic sense is presented and discussed. The monophyly of Ectoedemia is uncertain, and monophyly of the subgenus Fomoria could not be demonstrated. Current opinions about the phylogenetic position of the Nepticulidae and the division of the Heteroneura are reviewed and discussed. The biogeography and hostplant relationships of the family are reviewed.}, keywords = {Acalyptris, Acalyptris bicornutus, Acalyptris bipinnatellus, Acalyptris minimella, Acalyptris pistaciae, Acalyptris platani, Acalyptris psammophricta, Biology, Bohemannia, Bohemannia auriciliella, Bohemannia pulverosella, Bohemannia quadrimaculella, China, Ectoedemia, Ectoedemia ( Etainia), Ectoedemia (Ectoedemia), Ectoedemia (Fomoria), Ectoedemia (Zimmermannia), Ectoedemia albibimaculella, Ectoedemia albifasciella, Ectoedemia decentella, Ectoedemia euphorbiella, Ectoedemia grandinosa, Ectoedemia groschkei, Ectoedemia heringella, Ectoedemia hypericifoliella, Ectoedemia liebwerdella, Ectoedemia nigrifasciata, Ectoedemia ochrefasciella, Ectoedemia permira, Ectoedemia populella, Ectoedemia septembrella, Ectoedemia sericopeza, Ectoedemia subbimaculella, Ectoedemia turbidella, Ectoedemia vincamajorella, Ectoedemia viridissimella, Ectoedemia weaveri, Enteucha, Enteucha acetosae, Enteucha basidactyla, Enteucha cyanochlora, Enteucha gilvafascia, Etainia, Europe, Fomoria, glaucolepis, Host-plants, Japan, Lepidoptera, Levarchama, Nepal, Nepticulidae, Nepticulini, Opostegidae, Parafomoria, Parafomoria helianthemella, Parafomoria pseudocistivora, Pectinivalva, Pseudopostega auritella, Simplimorpha, Simplimorpha lanceifoliella, Simplimorpha promissa, Stigmella, Stigmella anomalella, Stigmella atricapitella, Stigmella aurella, Stigmella hybnerella, Stigmella malella, Stigmella naturnella, Stigmella suberivora, Stigmella tityrella, Stigmella zelleriella, Trifurcula, Trifurcula (Glaucolepis), Trifurcula (Levarchama), Trifurcula (Trifurcula), Trifurcula anthyllidella, Trifurcula beirnei, Trifurcula bleonella, Trifurcula cryptella, Trifurcula eurema, Trifurcula headleyella, Trifurcula immundella, Trifurcula pallidella, Trifurcula rosmarinella, Trifurcula saccharella, Trifurcula sanctaecrucis, Trifurcula saturejae, Trifurcula squamatella, Trifurcula stoechadella, Zimmermannia}, url = {http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148885}, author = {Erik J. van Nieukerken} }