06440nas a2201345 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199260001500268300001200283490000700295520224800302653001502550653002902565653003502594653002802629653003002657653001602687653001502703653002802718653001502746653001502761653001502776653003102791653003702822653003502859653002602894653003102920653002802951653003602979653001303015653002503028653002503053653001203078653001903090653001203109653002803121653002203149653002803171653002703199653002603226653001603252653002603268653003403294653002603328653002603354653003203380653002803412653003403440653001603474653001403490653001503504653001403519653002503533653002003558653002803578653001503606653001603621653002703637653001803664653001703682653001303699653002403712653001603736653001703752653001403769653002603783653002203809653002303831653001603854653001703870653001403887653001803901653001603919653001603935653001703951653003203968653002604000653001404026653003104040653002804071653003104099653002904130653003304159653003104192653002304223653003204246653003004278653003204308653002204340653002504362653002704387653003404414653003104448653002904479653003404508653003604542653003404578653003004612653002804642653003304670653003004703653002404733653002904757653002704786653001504813653003104828653003204859653003404891653001104925653001704936100002404953700002904977700002505006856006305031 2016 eng d00aPhylogeny, classification and divergence times of pygmy leafmining moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): the earliest lepidopteran radiation on Angiosperms?0 aPhylogeny classification and divergence times of pygmy leafminin c2016-10-31 a267-2870 v423 a

Nepticulidae is one of the early diverging Lepidoptera lineages, and currently comprises over 850 described species. The larvae of the vast majority of the species are leafminers on Angiosperms and highly monophagous, which has led to persistent ideas on coevolution with their plant hosts. We here present a molecular phylogeny based on eight gene fragments from 355 species, representing 20 out of 22 extant Nepticulidae genera. Using two fossil calibration points, we performed molecular dating to place the origin of the family in the Early Cretaceous, before the main Angiosperm diversification. Based on our results we propose a new classification, abandoning all ranks between family and genus, as well as subgenera to allow for a stable classification. The position of Enteucha within Nepticulidae remains somewhat ambiguous, and the species rich cosmopolitan genus Stigmella, with nearly half of all described Nepticulidae, requires further study. Ectoedemia, Zimmermannia, Acalyptris, Etainia, Parafomoria, Muhabbetana and Fomoria appear to have diversified in a relatively short evolutionary period, leading to short branches in the molecular phylogeny and unclear suprageneric relations. Otherwise supports throughout the phylogeny are mostly high and the species groups, genera and higher clades are discussed in respect to their supporting morphological and life history characters. Wing venation characters are confirmed to mostly be reliable and relevant for classification, but some other characters previously used require re-interpretation. The species groups of most genera are recovered, but only partly so in the large genus Stigmella. The molecular dating results are compared with existing knowledge on the timing of the Angiosperm radiation and reveal that the diversification of Nepticulidae could largely have been contemporaneous with their hosts, although some of the genera restricted to a single plant family appear to have begun to diversify before their hosts. This is the first published update on the full classification of Nepticulidae in over 15 years, and the first time that more than two Nepticulidae taxa are included in molecular dating estimates.

10aAcalyptris10aAcalyptris platani group10aAcalyptris psammophricta group10aAcalyptris scirpi group10aAcalyptris staticis group10aAreticulata10aBohemannia10aBohemannia pulverosella10aCasanovula10aCRETACEOUS10aEctoedemia10aEctoedemia angulifasciella10aEctoedemia angulifasciella group10aEctoedemia commiphorella group10aEctoedemia occultella10aEctoedemia populella group10aEctoedemia quadrinotata10aEctoedemia subbimaculella group10aEnteucha10aEnteucha basidactyla10aEnteucha gilvafascia10aEtainia10aEtainia obtusa10aFomoria10aFomoria groschkei group10aFomoria vannifera10aFomoria vannifera group10aFomoria viridissimella10aFomoria weaveri group10aglaucolepis10aGlaucolepis argentosa10aGlaucolepis headleyella group10aGlaucolepis oishiella10aGlaucolepis raikhonae10aGlaucolepis raikhonae group10aGlaucolepis saccharella10aGlaucolepis saccharella group10aHesperolyra10aLeafmines10aLevarchama10aMenurella10aMenurella xenadelpha10aMolecular clock10aMolecular phylogenetics10aMorphology10aMuhabbetana10aMuhabbetana grandinosa10aNeotrifurcula10aNepticulidae10aOpostega10aOpostega salaciella10aOpostegidae10aOpostegoides10aOzadelpha10aOzadelpha conostegiae10aOzadelpha EvN468010aOzadelpha guajavae10aParafomoria10aPectinivalva10aphylogeny10aPseudopostega10aPygmy moths10aRoscidotoga10aSimplimorpha10aSimplimorpha lanceifoliella10aSimplimorpha promissa10aStigmella10aStigmella anomalella group10aStigmella aurella group10aStigmella betulicola group10aStigmella epicosma group10aStigmella floslactella group10aStigmella hybnerella group10aStigmella intronia10aStigmella irregularis group10aStigmella lapponica group10aStigmella lemniscella group10aStigmella malella10aStigmella naturnella10aStigmella ogygia group10aStigmella oxyacanthella group10aStigmella paliurella group10aStigmella paradoxa group10aStigmella prunifoliella group10aStigmella quercipulchella group10aStigmella ruficapitella group10aStigmella saginella group10aStigmella salicis group10aStigmella sanguisorbae group10aStigmella slingerlandella10aStigmella tricentra10aStigmella ulmivora group10aStigmella ultima group10aTrifurcula10aTrifurcula cryptella group10aTrifurcula pallidella group10aTrifurcula subnitidella group10aVarius10aZimmermannia1 aDoorenweerd, Camiel1 avan Nieukerken, Erik, J.1 aHoare, Robert, J. B. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12212/full28195nas a2201057 45000080041000000200018000412450057000592100055001162600042001713000012002135202500400225653002625229653002425255653002625279653002925305653002525334653002725359653002725386653002525413653002625438653002125464653002725485653002725512653002225539653002325561653002625584653002725610653002325637653002625660653002825686653002625714653002625740653002925766653002625795653002625821653002625847653002225873653002325895653002725918653003025945653002725975653002526002653002526027653002626052653002526078653001526103653001526118653002426133653002826157653002126185653002426206653002326230653002526253653001326278653002426291653001226315653002426327653001226351653002226363653001626385653001626401653001726417653001426434653002626448653002126474653002526495653002326520653002826543653002526571653002626596653002426622653002426646653002426670653002626694653002226720653002626742653002526768653002326793653002526816653002326841653002326864653002726887653002226914653002526936653001726961100001626978700001726994700001727011700001627028856009327044 2003 eng d a9955-575-09-300aCatalogue of the world Nepticuloidea & Tischerioidea0 aCatalogue of the world Nepticuloidea Tischerioidea aKaunasbLutute publishersc2003-08-01 a318-4363 aElachista-gaunacella-Duponchel-1843 ( Elachistidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-430;Recurvaria-marginea-Haworth-1828 ( Gelechiidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-430;Acalyptris-acontarcha ( Meyrick-1926 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-393;Acalyptris-acumenta ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-bicornutus ( Davis-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-394;Acalyptris-bipinnatellus ( Wilkinson-1979 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-395;Acalyptris-bispinata ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-clinomochla ( Meyrick-1934 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-394;Acalyptris-combretella ( Vari-1955 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Stigmella, p.-394;Acalyptris-distaleus ( Wilkinson-1979 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-395;Acalyptris-fagarivora ( Vari-1955 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Stigmella, p.-394;Acalyptris-fulva ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-fuscofascia ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Acalyptris-heteranthes ( Meyrick-1926 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-393;Acalyptris-krooni ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-krugeri ( Vari-1963 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Stigmella, p.-394;Acalyptris-lanneivora ( Vari-1955 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Stigmella, p.-394;Acalyptris-lorantivora ( Janse-1948 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-394;Acalyptris-lotella ( Wagner-1987 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-397;Acalyptris-lundiensis ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-mariepsensis ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-molleivora ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Acalyptris-obliquella ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Acalyptris-postalatratus ( Wilkinson-1979 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-395;Acalyptris-punctulata ( Braun-1910 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-393;Acalyptris-pundaensis ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-rubiaevora ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Acalyptris-ruwenzoriensis ( Bradley-1965 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Stigmella, p.-394;Acalyptris-scirpi ( Braun-1925 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-393;Acalyptris-sellata ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-sporadopa ( Meyrick-1911 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-393;Acalyptris-tenuijuxtus ( Davis-1978 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Microcalyptris, p.-395;Acalyptris-thoracealbella ( Chambers-1873 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-393;Acalyptris-umdoniensis ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Acalyptris-vacuolata ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-396;Acalyptris-vepricola ( Vari-1963 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Stigmella, p.-394;Acalyptris-vumbaensis ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Acalyptris-zeyheriae ( Scoble-1980 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Niepeltia, p.-395;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) aegaeica-Laštůvka, Laštůvka-and-Johansson-1998 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Fomoria-, p.-391;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) empetrifolii-Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Fomoria-, p.-385;Ectoedemia- ( Fomoria- ) eriki-Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Fomoria-, p.-385;Ectoedemia-scoblei-Minet-1990 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Fomoria-, p.-391;Enteucha-diplocosma ( Meyrick-1921 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-321;Etainia-trifasciata ( Matsumura-1931 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-408;Fomoria-aegaeica ( Laštůvka, Laštůvka-and-Johansson-1998- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Ectoedemia ( Fomoria- ) , p.-391;Fomoria-empetrifolii ( Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Ectoedemia ( Fomoria- ) , p.-385;Fomoria-eriki ( Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Ectoedemia ( Fomoria- ) , p.-385;Fomoria-gambiana ( Gustafsson-1972 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-389;Fomoria-scoblei ( Minet-1990 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Ectoedemia, p.-391;Glaucolepis-istriae ( Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Trifurcula ( Glaucolepis- ) , p.-407;Glaucolepis-kalavritana ( Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-1998- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Trifurcula ( Glaucolepis- ) , p.-407;Glaucolepis-liskai ( Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000- ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Trifurcula ( Glaucolepis- ) , p.-407;Glaucolepis-rusticula ( Meyrick-1916 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-406;Microcalyptris-bicornutus-Davis-1978 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Microcalyptris-bipinnatellus-Wilkinson-1979 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Microcalyptris-distaleus-Wilkinson-1979 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Microcalyptris-lotella-Wagner-1987 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-397;Microcalyptris-postalatratus-Wilkinson-1979 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Microcalyptris-scirpi-Braun-1925 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-393;Microcalyptris-tenuijuxtus-Davis-1978 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Nepticula-acontarcha-Meyrick-1926 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-393;Nepticula-aeriventris-Meyrick-1932 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-364;Nepticula-alicia-Meyrick-1928 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-364;Nepticula-argyrodoxa-Meyrick-1918 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-363;Nepticula-auxozona-Meyrick-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-365;Nepticula-clinomochla-Meyrick-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Nepticula-diplocosma-Meyrick-1921 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Enteucha-, p.-321;Nepticula-elachistarcha-Meyrick-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-365;Nepticula-galactacma-Meyrick-1924 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-364;Nepticula-gambiana-Gustafsson-1972 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Fomoria-, p.-389;Nepticula-gustafssoni-Capuse-1975 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-366;Nepticula-heteranthes-Meyrick-1926 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-393;Nepticula-homophaea-Meyrick-1918 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-363;Nepticula-isochalca-Meyrick-1916 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-325;Nepticula-liochalca-Meyrick-1916 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-328;Nepticula-lorantivora-Janse-1948 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Nepticula-mandingella-Gustafsson-1972 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-366;Nepticula-neodora-Meyrick-1918 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-363;Nepticula-oligosperma-Meyrick-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-365;Nepticula-panconista-Meyrick-1920 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-363;Nepticula-polydoxa-Meyrick-1911 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-363;Nepticula-punctulata-Braun-1910 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-393;Nepticula-rusticula-Meyrick-1916 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Glaucolepis-, p.-406;Nepticula-sporadopa-Meyrick-1911 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-393;Nepticula-subvirescens-Meyrick-1934 ( Nepticulidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Stigmella-viscerella ( Stainton-1853 ) , p.-343;Nepticula-thoracealbella-Chambers-1873 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-393;Nepticula-trifasciata-Matsumura-1931 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Etainia-, p.-408;Nepticula-xystodes-Meyrick-1916 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Stigmella-, p.-328;Niepeltia-acumenta-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-bispinata-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-fulva-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-fuscofascia-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Niepeltia-krooni-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-lundiensis-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-mariepsensis-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-molleivora-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Niepeltia-obliquella-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Niepeltia-pundaensis-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-rubiaevora-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Niepeltia-sellata-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-umdoniensis-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Niepeltia-vacuolata-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-396;Niepeltia-vumbaensis-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Niepeltia-zeyheriae-Scoble-1980 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-395;Stigmella-aeriventris ( Meyrick-1932 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-364;Stigmella-alicia ( Meyrick-1928 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-364;Stigmella-argyrodoxa ( Meyrick-1918 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-363;Stigmella-auxozona ( Meyrick-1934 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-365;Stigmella-combretella-Vari-1955 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Stigmella-elachistarcha ( Meyrick-1934 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-365;Stigmella-fagarivora-Vari-1955 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Stigmella-galactacma ( Meyrick-1924 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-364;Stigmella-gustafssoni ( Capuse-1975 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-366;Stigmella-homophaea ( Meyrick-1918 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-363;Stigmella-isochalca ( Meyrick-1916 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-325;Stigmella-krugeri-Vari-1963 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Stigmella-lanneivora-Vari-1955 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Stigmella-liochalca ( Meyrick-1916 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-328;Stigmella-mandingella ( Gustafsson-1972 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-366;Stigmella-neodora ( Meyrick-1918 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-363;Stigmella-oligosperma ( Meyrick-1934 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-365;Stigmella-panconista ( Meyrick-1920 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-363;Stigmella-polydoxa ( Meyrick-1911 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-363;Stigmella-ruwenzoriensis-Bradley-1965 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Stigmella-vepricola-Vari-1963 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Acalyptris-, p.-394;Stigmella-viscerella ( Stainton-1853 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Syn-nov, Nepticula-subvirescens-Meyrick-1934, p.-343;Stigmella-xystodes ( Meyrick-1916 ) ( Nepticulidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Nepticula, p.-328;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) istriae-Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Glaucolepis-, p.-407;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) kalavritana-Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-1998 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Glaucolepis-, p.-407;Trifurcula- ( Glaucolepis- ) liskai-Laštůvka-and-Laštůvka-2000 ( Nepticulidae- ) : Referred-to, Glaucolepis-, p.-407;Bucculatrix-noviciata ( Gozmany-1960 ) ( Bucculatrigidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-436;Astrotischeria-ambrosiaeella ( Chambers-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-427;Astrotischeria-astericola ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-capnota ( Meyrick-1915 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-ephaptis ( Meyrick-1915 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-explosa ( Braun-1923 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-gregaria ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-helianthi ( Frey-and-Boll-1878- ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-heliopsisella ( Chambers-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-427;Astrotischeria-heteroterae ( Frey-and-Boll-1878- ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-427;Astrotischeria-koehleri ( Bourquin-1962 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-longeciliata ( Frey-and-Boll-1878- ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-marginata ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-429;Astrotischeria-occidentalis ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-omissa ( Braun-1927 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-pallidipennella ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-429;Astrotischeria-plagifera ( Meyrick-1915 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-428;Astrotischeria-solidagonifoliella ( Clemens-1859 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-427;Coptotriche-admirabilis ( Braun-1925 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-aenea ( Frey-and-Boll-1873- ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-431;Coptotriche-agrimoniella ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-amelanchieris ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-435;Coptotriche-angusticolella ( Duponchel-1843 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Elachista, p.-430;Coptotriche-arizonica ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-badiiella ( Chambers-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-431;Coptotriche-berberella ( De-Prins-1984- ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-435;Coptotriche-castaneaeella ( Chambers-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-citrinipennella ( Clemens-1859 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-431;Coptotriche-clemensella ( Chambers-1878 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-compta ( Meyrick-1915 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-concolor ( Zeller-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-confusa ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-consanguinea ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-crataegifoliae ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-discreta ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-distincta ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-fuscomarginella ( Chambers-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-gaunacella ( Duponchel-1843 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Elachista, p.-430;Coptotriche-heinemanni ( Wocke-1871 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-431;Coptotriche-hestias ( Meyrick-1915 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-inexpectata ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-435;Coptotriche-insolita ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-longiciliatella ( Rebel-1896 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-longispicula ( Puplesis-1988 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-435;Coptotriche-lucida ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-malifoliella ( Clemens-1860 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-431;Coptotriche-marginea ( Haworth-1828 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Recurvaria, p.-430;Coptotriche-mediostriata ( Braun-1927 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-paulula ( Diškus-1998 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-435;Coptotriche-perplexa ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-pulverea ( Walsingham-1897 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-pulverescens ( Meyrick-1936 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-purinosella ( Chambers-1875 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-rosella ( Gerasimov-1937 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-roseticola ( Frey-and-Boll-1873- ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-431;Coptotriche-rubiphagella ( Amsel-1935 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-simulata ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-splendida ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-subnubila ( Braun-1972 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-434;Coptotriche-szoecsi ( Kasy-1961 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-433;Coptotriche-tantalella ( Walsingham-1907 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Comb-nov, Transferred-from-Tischeria, p.-432;Coptotriche-zelleriella ( Clemens-1859 ) ( Tischeriidae- ) : Syn-nov, Tischeria-sulphurea-Frey-and-Boll-1878, p.-431;Tischeria-admirabilis-Braun-1925 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-aenea-Frey-and-Boll-1873 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-431;Tischeria-agrimoniella-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-ambrosiaeella-Chambers-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-427;Tischeria-amelanchieris-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-435;Tischeria-arizonica-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-astericola-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-badiiella-Chambers-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-431;Tischeria-berberella-De-Prins-1984 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-435;Tischeria-capnota-Meyrick-1915 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-castaneaeella-Chambers-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-ceanothi-Walsingham-1890 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Syn-nov, Tischeria-immaculata-Braun-1915, p.-425;Tischeria-citrinipennella-Clemens-1859 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-431;Tischeria-clemensella-Chambers-1878 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-compta-Meyrick-1915 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-concolor-Zeller-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-confusa-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-consanguinea-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-crataegifoliae-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-discreta-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-distincta-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-ephaptis-Meyrick-1915 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-explosa-Braun-1923 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-fuscomarginella-Chambers-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-gregaria-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-heinemanni-Wocke-1871 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-431;Tischeria-helianthi-Frey-and-Boll-1878 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-heliopsisella-Chambers-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-427;Tischeria-hestias-Meyrick-1915 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-heteroterae-Frey-and-Boll-1878 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-427;Tischeria-immaculata-Braun-1915 ( Tischeriidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Tischeria-ceanothi-Walsingham-1890, p.-425;Tischeria-inexpectata-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-435;Tischeria-insolita-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-koehleri-Bourquin-1962 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-longeciliata-Frey-and-Boll-1878 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-longiciliatella-Rebel-1896 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-longispicula-Puplesis-1988 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-435;Tischeria-lucida-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-malifoliella-Clemens-1860 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-431;Tischeria-marginata-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-429;Tischeria-mediostriata-Braun-1927 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-noviciata-Gozmany-1960 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Bucculatrix-, p.-436;Tischeria-occidentalis-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-omissa-Braun-1927 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-pallidipennella-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-429;Tischeria-paulula-Diškus-1998 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-435;Tischeria-perplexa-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-plagifera-Meyrick-1915 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-428;Tischeria-pulverea-Walsingham-1897 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-pulverescens-Meyrick-1936 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-purinosella-Chambers-1875 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-432;Tischeria-rosella-Gerasimov-1937 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-roseticola-Frey-and-Boll-1873 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-431;Tischeria-rubiphagella-Amsel-1935 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-simulata-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-solidagonifoliella-Clemens-1859 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, New-genus-Astrotischeria, p.-427;Tischeria-splendida-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-subnubila-Braun-1972 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-434;Tischeria-sulphurea-Frey-and-Boll-1878 ( Tischeriidae- ) : New-synonym, Of-Coptotriche-zelleriella ( Clemens-1859 ) , p.-431;Tischeria-szoecsi-Kasy-1961 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-433;Tischeria-tantalella-Walsingham-1907 ( Tischeriidae- ) : Referred-to, Coptotriche-, p.-43210aAcalyptris acontarcha10aAcalyptris acumenta10aAcalyptris bicornutus10aAcalyptris bipinnatellus10aAcalyptris bispinata10aAcalyptris clinomochla10aAcalyptris combretella10aAcalyptris distaleus10aAcalyptris fagarivora10aAcalyptris fulva10aAcalyptris fuscofascia10aAcalyptris heteranthes10aAcalyptris krooni10aAcalyptris krugeri10aAcalyptris lanneivora10aAcalyptris lorantivora10aAcalyptris lotella10aAcalyptris lundiensis10aAcalyptris mariepsensis10aAcalyptris molleivora10aAcalyptris obliquella10aAcalyptris postalatratus10aAcalyptris punctulata10aAcalyptris pundaensis10aAcalyptris rubiaevora10aAcalyptris scirpi10aAcalyptris sellata10aAcalyptris tenuijuxtus10aAcalyptris thoracealbella10aAcalyptris umdoniensis10aAcalyptris vacuolata10aAcalyptris vepricola10aAcalyptris vumbaensis10aAcalyptris zeyheriae10aBohemannia10aEctoedemia10aEctoedemia aegaeica10aEctoedemia empetrifolii10aEctoedemia eriki10aEctoedemia gambiana10aEctoedemia scoblei10aEctoedemia sporadopa10aEnteucha10aEnteucha diplocosma10aEtainia10aEtainia trifasciata10aFomoria10aFomoria sporadopa10aglaucolepis10aLepidoptera10aNepticulidae10aStigmella10aStigmella aeriventris10aStigmella alicia10aStigmella argyrodoxa10aStigmella auxozona10aStigmella elachistarcha10aStigmella galactacma10aStigmella gustafssoni10aStigmella homophaea10aStigmella isochalca10aStigmella liochalca10aStigmella mandingella10aStigmella neodora10aStigmella oligosperma10aStigmella panconista10aStigmella polydoxa10aStigmella viscerella10aStigmella xystodes10aTrifurcula istriae10aTrifurcula kalavritana10aTrifurcula liskai10aTrifurcula rusticula10aZimmermannia1 aDiškus, A.1 aPuplesis, R.1 aPuplesis, R.1 aDiškus, A. uhttps://nepticuloidea.myspecies.info/content/catalogue-world-nepticuloidea-tischerioidea05082nas a2201237 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1986 eng d00aSystematics and phylogeny of Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera, Heteroneura: Monotrysia)0 aSystematics and phylogeny of Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae Le c1986-12-31 a1-930 v2363 aA revised classification of the Holarctic genera of Nepticulidae is provided. Eight genera belonging to the nominal subfamily are recognised and redefined. They are Enteucha Meyrick (= Johanssonia Borkowski, Artaversala Davis, Oligoneura Davis), Stigmella Schrank (including Astigmella Puplesis), Simplimorpha Scoble in the Nepticulini and Acalyptris Meyrick ( = Microcalyptris Braun, Niepeltia Strand), Trifurcula Zeller, Parafomoria Van Nieukerken, Bohemannia Stainton and Ectoedemia Busck in the Trifurculini. Trifurcula is divided into the subgenera Glaucolepis Braun (= Fedalmia Beirne), Levarchama Beirne and Trifurcula s.str. Ectoedemia is divided into the subgenera Etainia Beirne, Fomoria Beirne, Laqueus Scoble, Zimmermannia Hering and Ectoedemia s.str. The genera and subgenera are (re)described and data on biology and distribution are given. The species Simplimorpha promissa (Staudinger) and Acalyptris psammophricta Meyrick are redescribed. A phylogeny of the family in cladistic sense is presented and discussed. The monophyly of Ectoedemia is uncertain, and monophyly of the subgenus Fomoria could not be demonstrated. Current opinions about the phylogenetic position of the Nepticulidae and the division of the Heteroneura are reviewed and discussed. The biogeography and hostplant relationships of the family are reviewed.10aAcalyptris10aAcalyptris bicornutus10aAcalyptris bipinnatellus10aAcalyptris minimella10aAcalyptris pistaciae10aAcalyptris platani10aAcalyptris psammophricta10aBiology10aBohemannia10aBohemannia auriciliella10aBohemannia pulverosella10aBohemannia quadrimaculella10aChina10aEctoedemia10aEctoedemia ( Etainia)10aEctoedemia (Ectoedemia)10aEctoedemia (Fomoria)10aEctoedemia (Zimmermannia)10aEctoedemia albibimaculella10aEctoedemia albifasciella10aEctoedemia decentella10aEctoedemia euphorbiella10aEctoedemia grandinosa10aEctoedemia groschkei10aEctoedemia heringella10aEctoedemia hypericifoliella10aEctoedemia liebwerdella10aEctoedemia nigrifasciata10aEctoedemia ochrefasciella10aEctoedemia permira10aEctoedemia populella10aEctoedemia septembrella10aEctoedemia sericopeza10aEctoedemia subbimaculella10aEctoedemia turbidella10aEctoedemia vincamajorella10aEctoedemia viridissimella10aEctoedemia weaveri10aEnteucha10aEnteucha acetosae10aEnteucha basidactyla10aEnteucha cyanochlora10aEnteucha gilvafascia10aEtainia10aEurope10aFomoria10aglaucolepis10aHost-plants10aJapan10aLepidoptera10aLevarchama10aNepal10aNepticulidae10aNepticulini10aOpostegidae10aParafomoria10aParafomoria helianthemella10aParafomoria pseudocistivora10aPectinivalva10aPseudopostega auritella10aSimplimorpha10aSimplimorpha lanceifoliella10aSimplimorpha promissa10aStigmella10aStigmella anomalella10aStigmella atricapitella10aStigmella aurella10aStigmella hybnerella10aStigmella malella10aStigmella naturnella10aStigmella suberivora10aStigmella tityrella10aStigmella zelleriella10aTrifurcula10aTrifurcula (Glaucolepis)10aTrifurcula (Levarchama)10aTrifurcula (Trifurcula)10aTrifurcula anthyllidella10aTrifurcula beirnei10aTrifurcula bleonella10aTrifurcula cryptella10aTrifurcula eurema10aTrifurcula headleyella10aTrifurcula immundella10aTrifurcula pallidella10aTrifurcula rosmarinella10aTrifurcula saccharella10aTrifurcula sanctaecrucis10aTrifurcula saturejae10aTrifurcula squamatella10aTrifurcula stoechadella10aZimmermannia1 avan Nieukerken, Erik, J. uhttp://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/148885