Ectoedemia rufifrontella

Diagnostic description: 

Diagnosis. Characterised by brown irrorate with yellow forewings and absence of hair-pencil in male. Male genitalia not separable from albifaseiella complex. Female genitalia characterised by long spiraled ductus spermathecae, with 13½ - 14 convolutions, whereas contorta usually has 10½ — 12 convolutions (except one specimen).

Morphology: 

Description.
Male. Forewing length 2.0 — 2.68 mm (2.43 ± 0.19, 9), wingspan 4.3 — 6.0 mm. Head: frontal tuft ferruginous, sometimes mixed with fuscous; collar similar. Antennae with 28 — 37 segments (32.5 ± 3.2, 6). Thorax and forewings brown irrorate with light yellow scales, being a more pronounced yellow than in most other species; colour pattern absent, but light scales predominant at tornus. Hindwing without hairpencil, but with costal bristles.
Female. Forewing length 2.72 — 2.88 mm (2.79 ± 0.07, 4), wingspan 6.0 — 6.4 mm. Antennal segments 25 — 27 (2.8 ± 1.0, 4).
Male genitalia. Capsule length 283 — 309 µm, (3). Tegumen rounded. Gnathos with central element truncate, as cut off. Valva length 206 — 223 μm (4), inner margin strongly convex, except apically, serrate by prominent setal sockets, tip pointed; dorsal surface with many setae. Aedeagus 279 — 287 μm (4), carinae pointed, single.
Female genitalia. T7 with a row of 8 — 12 setae along posterior margin; T8 with two lateral groups of scales and 2 — 4 setae each. Anal papillae with 14 — 17 setae. Vestibulum with vaginal sclerite, a dorsal spiculate pouch, and a group of densely packed pectinations near entrance of ductus spermathecae. Corpus bursae 740 — 825 μm, without pectinations; signa dissimilar, longest 485 — 695 μm (3), shortest 450 — 458 μm, 4.1 — 4.4 x as long as wide (3). Ductus spermathecae with very prominent spiralised inner canal, with 13½ — 14 convolutions.
Larva. Yellow, with greenish tinge in younger larvae, head-capsule brown. In penultimate instars with conspicuous brown ventral plates, which are shed during final instar; thereafter the ganglia become visible.

Associations: 

Hostplants: Quercus pubescens Willd., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Mine. Egg on leaf underside, occasionally on upperside. Early mine highly contorted, forming brown blot with irregularly accumulated brown frass; later gallery less contorted, with brown dispersed or coiled frass, leaving narrow clear margins. Mine confined to small area, often near leaf-margin.

Distribution: 

Widespread, but nowhere common in southern half of Europe; not yet found on Iberian Peninsula and in most Balkan countries. Known from Czech republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria and Italy.
Also found in France: Van Nieukerken et al. 2006; Macedonia: Laštůvka and Laštůvka 1997, detailed record given here; Greece (northern): Laštůvka and Laštůvka 1998, Switzerland: Schmid 2007. Here recorded new for Bulgaria.

Life cycle: 

Life history. Univoltine, larvae occurring from mid October to November. Adults collected at light mid June, reared in April and May (forced).

Citation: 

This taxonomic description is based on Van Nieukerken (1985) and Van Nieukerken et al (2010).

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith