Stigmella tristis

Diagnostic description: 

Diagnosis.  Small size, dark head and unicolorous forewings separate  tristis from all other species occurring in northern Scandinavia.

Morphology: 

Male. Wingspan: 4-5 mm.  Head: frontal tuft dark grey-  brown to almost black; collar and scape yellowish white to pale grey;  antenna slightly longer than half length of forewing.  Thorax dark bronzy-  brown.  Forewing: yellowish or greyish bronze with faint metallic lustre;  extreme base concolorous with thorax; terminal cilia grey-brown.  Hindwing  and cilia grey.  Abdomen: fuscous with grey-brown anal tufts. 
Female. Wingspan: 4-5 mm.  Frontal tuft ferruginous to  dark brown; antennae half length of forewing.  Hindwings and cilia pale  grey. Male genitalia.  Vinculum with anterior emargination  varying from shallow to deep.  Uncus with two long, triangular projections.  Gnathos with relatively short horizontal bar and long horns.  Valva  divided into extremely large, rounded inner lobe and thin, curved distal  process.  Transtilla with long transverse bar and short sublateral  processes.  Aedeagus as long as genital capsule with numerous spines and  cornuti of varying sizes, the longest near base.  Manica large, densely  covered with minute spines. 
Female genitalia. Vestibulum long and wide, partly with  strong sclerotizations.  Corpus bursae reduced.  Accessory sac small and  asymmetrical with spined sclerotizations and a band of spines extending  into vestibulum.  Ductus spermathecae anteriorly and posteriorly 2 to 3  times convoluted.  Apophyses anteriores with broad posterior part and  slender anterior process; posteriores of approximately the same length  and straight.  

Associations: 

Host plant: Betula nana.  Egg: on upperside of leaf, large  and yellowish brown.  Larva: yellowish green.  Mine : a  short contorted gallery, terminating part wide, sometimes forming a small  blotch; frass brown (only few mines examined).  Cocoon: dark brown.

Distribution: 

Known only from a few localities in northernmost  Scandinavia;  Sweden: Hrj., P.Lpm. and T.Lpm.;  Finland: Le and Norway Fv  and Fn.

Life cycle: 

Voltinism: univoltine; depending on weather conditions and altitude,  adults have been collected from the middle of June to the middle of July  but the actual period is probably short.  Mining larvae collected from  about July 20th to the beginning of August.  Habitat: arctic species,  occurring in bogs, mainly in the subalpine region.  

Citation: 

Description based on Johansson and Nielsen (1990)

Notes on description: 
Nepticula tristis Wocke. Lectotype ♀ (here designated) "Norwegen, e.l. Betula nana Z 1.61" (ZIAS).
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith