Stigmella assimilella
Diagnosis. Easily separated from all other Stigmella species by the three white forewing spots. Somewhat similar to Ectoedemia (Ectoedemia) quinquella, but the spots are differently arranged and quinquella has a black head.
Male. Wingspan: 5.4-6.2 mm. Head: frontal tuft ochreous, sometimes mixed with brown; collar and scape yellowish white; antenna half length of forewing, fuscous. Thorax black, tips of tegulae and mesoscutum white. Forewing: coarsely scaled, brownish black with three whitish spots; one round spot at one third and two opposite, triangular spots at two thirds from wing base; terminal cilia pale yellowish, grey at tornus. Hindwing and cilia grey. Abdomen dark grey with short grey-brown anal tufts. Female. Wingspan: 5.7-6.3 mm. Antenna slightly shorter than half length of forewing. Forewing black with more contrasting white spots and cilia. Abdomen fuscous with short dark grey brown anal tufts. Male genitalia. Vinculum tapering anteriorly with shallow to moderately deep emargination. Uncus subtriangular with square medial emargination and small but distinct paramedial notches. Gnathos with close-set, diverging horns on well sclerotized basal plate. Valva divided into long, pointed distal process and right to acute angled inner lobe. Transtilla with short, broad transverse bar and short, blunt sublateral processes. Aedeagus almost as long as genital capsule with 5-6 unilaterally sclerotized cornuti and a cluster of 10-15 sharply pointed spines, a few of which are longer and distinctly curved. Female genitalia. Corpus bursae with band of scallop-shaped chitin plates surrounded by sparse and indistinct pectinations; posterior part narrow, strongly folded. Ductus spermathecae without spines. Apophyses posteriores slender and slightly longer than anteriores. Ovipositor not protruding, tip blunt.
Host plants: Populus tremula, occasionally on P. alba. Egg: on the upperside, usually beside a rib. Larva: yellow. Mine : starts as a narrow, contorted gallery which later widens considerably; windings often confluent, and forming a false blotch; frass-line throughout broken and relatively fine. Cocoon: brown to brownish black.
Widely distributed in Denmark and Sweden from Sk. to Vstm. and Ång.; Norway: ø; in Finland from Al. to ObS. - Central Europe to Poland and Hungary in east and Switzerland in south, England. Also in east USSR (Puplesis, 1985a).
Voltinism: probably univoltine, mining larvae found from the middle of July to late September, adults from early June to early July.
Description based on Johansson and Nielsen (1990)